Allergies in cats and dogs can be a source of confusion and concern for pet owners, but with the right knowledge and guidance, you can help alleviate their discomfort and improve their quality of life. Our Bartow Animal Clinic team explains a pet’s itch factor by diving into the world of allergies in cats and dogs, and exploring their causes, signs, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures.

What are allergies in pets?

Allergies are an abnormal, exaggerated response of the immune system to substances that are typically harmless. These substances, known as allergens, can trigger an allergic reaction when they directly contact the body. In cats and dogs, common allergens include pollen, mold, dust mites, certain foods, fabrics, chemicals, insect bites, and certain medications.

What allergy types can pets develop?

Pets can develop an allergy to any substance they contact, whether inhaled, touched, or ingested. Allergies in pets are typically divided into the following categories:

  • Environmental allergies — Environmental allergies (i.e., atopy) are among the most common allergy types in cats and dogs and are triggered by airborne substances, such as pollen, mold spores, and dust mites, that cause skin irritation and inflammation. Respiratory signs, like sneezing and red, watery, itchy eyes, can also develop, although they are much less common than skin issues.
  • Food allergies — Food allergies occur when a pet’s immune system reacts to specific ingredients in their diet. Common pet food allergens include beef, chicken, fish, dairy, eggs, wheat, soy, and certain additives. Food allergy signs in your pet can vary widely and may include skin rashes, gastrointestinal (GI) upset, and chronic ear infections.
  • Flea allergy dermatitis — Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is a common allergic skin reaction to the protein in flea saliva. A few flea bites can trigger an intense allergic reaction in sensitive pets, leading to severe itching, skin inflammation, and hair loss, most commonly at the base of the tail and down the hind legs. Prevention and regular flea control are essential for managing FAD.

What are allergy signs in pets?

Recognizing allergy signs in your pet is crucial for early intervention and treatment. Common signs in cats and dogs may include:

  • Persistent itching, scratching, licking, or chewing
  • Red, inflamed skin
  • Hair loss or bald patches
  • Hot spots, sores, or scabs
  • Chronic ear infections
  • Anal gland issues
  • Watery eyes or discharge
  • GI upset (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea)

How are allergies diagnosed in pets?

Diagnosing allergies in cats and dogs can be challenging and may require a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Our Bartow Animal Clinic veterinarian may perform the following to determine the underlying cause of your pet’s allergies:

  • Intradermal or blood allergy testing to identify environmental allergies
  • Elimination diet trials to identify food allergies
  • Fecal tests to assess GI issues
  • External parasite exams to check for mange or fleas
  • Skin cytology to diagnose bacterial or yeast infections

How are allergies treated in pets?

Once our veterinarian has identified the underlying cause of your pet’s allergies, they will recommend an appropriate allergy treatment plan that may include:

  • Allergy medications (e.g., antihistamines)
  • Immunosuppressive medications (e.g., corticosteroids, cyclosporine)
  • Targeted anti-itch medications (e.g., Apoquel, Cytopoint)
  • Immunotherapy (i.e., allergy shots or drops)
  • Prescription hypoallergenic diets
  • Topical skin irritation treatments
  • Flea control products
  • Skin health supplements
  • Environmental modifications to reduce allergen exposure

Allergies in pets are not curable, but they can be successfully managed with a multimodal treatment plan that adapts to your pet’s allergic response. By carefully monitoring your furry pal’s allergy patterns and responses to various therapies, we can help alleviate their clinical signs and improve their quality of life. 

If you suspect that your four-legged friend may be suffering from allergies, schedule an appointment with our Bartow Animal Clinic team, so we can find your pet relief from the constant itching.